Indian Railways revives nuclear power plans

Indian Railways (IR) is advancing its efforts to incorporate nuclear power into its energy mix, reviving discussions with the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Ministry of Power (MoP) to establish small nuclear power plants (NPPs). 

This follows an earlier attempt in 2013, when IR explored a 400 MW nuclear power venture with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL). A proposed joint venture with DAE in 2017 did not materialize after IR declined a partnership offer.

Now, with a stronger push toward clean energy, IR is considering captive nuclear power units to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The initiative aligns with its broader strategy of becoming a net-zero carbon emitter by 2030, requiring an estimated 30,000 MW of renewable capacity by 2029-30. Small NPPs could provide a stable and localized energy source, reducing operational costs and dependence on the national grid.

IR is already working on other renewable energy projects. In 2023, it commissioned 147 MW of solar plants and 103 MW of wind power plants, with an additional 2,150 MW of renewable capacity tied up. Over 96% of its broad-gauge network (63,500 Route Kilometres) has been electrified as of FY24, and 2,637 stations have solar rooftop plants generating 177 MW. Zonal railways, such as Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) and Central Railways, are also rolling out renewable energy initiatives.

Funding for nuclear projects is expected to come from IR’s financial arms, including the Indian Railways Finance Corporation (IRFC). Meanwhile, discussions with NPCIL, which were anticipated last year, are expected to move forward alongside other partnerships with organizations like the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), NTPC, and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) for renewable projects.

With IR consuming nearly Rs 200 billion annually on electricity, the shift towards nuclear and renewable power is expected to reduce costs and enhance energy security. However, feasibility studies and regulatory approvals will be necessary before implementation. If successful, this marks a significant step in IR’s clean energy transition.