CPCB issues guidelines for solar waste storage and handling

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued the first “Guidelines for Storage and Handling of Waste Solar Photo-Voltaic Modules or Panels or Cells” under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022. Released in March 2026, the guidelines establish a technical framework for environmentally sound handling of end-of-life solar equipment. 

The guidelines sit within the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, in force since April 1, 2023. While the rules prescribe Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) based recycling targets for most e-waste categories, such targets do not currently apply to solar waste. Provisions specific to solar waste are covered under Chapter V of the rules. The guidelines apply to producers, manufacturers, and recyclers dealing with waste solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, panels, or cells, collectively termed “Solar Waste.”

Environmental concerns and material composition
The CPCB notes that solar panels contain both recyclable and non-recyclable components, including glass, aluminium frames, silicon wafers, plastics, and metals such as copper, silver, lead, cadmium, and arsenic. Improper disposal can result in the release of hazardous substances, posing environmental and health risks.

Transportation protocols
The guidelines prohibit the disposal of Solar Waste in open areas or landfills. Waste designated for recycling is required to be transferred only to CPCB-registered e-waste recyclers. Producers and manufacturers may also receive waste for interim storage.

Producers and manufacturers are required to establish formal collection systems, including take-back mechanisms. They are expected to disclose collection arrangements through websites, helplines, and details of collection points or pick-up services. Maintaining consumer location data at the point of sale is advised to support future collection. Transportation is to be carried out in covered vehicles, with final disposal aligned with the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

Storage and handling requirements
Storage facilities are required to be covered, ventilated, and dry, with impervious and non-leachable flooring to prevent contamination. Damaged or broken panels are to be segregated and stored in rigid, waterproof, and clearly labelled containers.

Facilities are required to maintain fire safety systems, emergency response procedures, and clearly marked exit routes. Panels are to be stacked securely to avoid collapse. Regular inventory tracking is mandated, along with monthly inspections using a standardised checklist covering infrastructure condition, safety systems, and labelling.

Worker safety and incident reporting
Personnel handling Solar Waste are required to use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety footwear, eye protection, and respirators where necessary. Fire incidents are to be reported to local authorities, and all cases of damage, leakage, or spillage are required to be documented and addressed.

The featured photograph is for representation only.