Global Shipping

  The global shipping industry, which is integral to international trade, is facing growing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. While ocean shipping is known for being one of the most energy-efficient forms of cargo transport, it is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, contributing around 3% of annual greenhouse gas emissions worldwide (Harahap et al., 2023). As the world pushes for sustainability, the maritime sector is exploring renewable energy options that could alter the industry’s…