India Electric Mobility Index 2024 highlights uneven EV transition across states

The India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2024 provides a comparative assessment of how states and Union Territories (UTs) are progressing in the shift to electric mobility. Developed by NITI Aayog, the index evaluates performance across three themes: transport electrification progress, charging infrastructure readiness, and EV research and innovation status. Covering 28 states and 8 UTs, the report ranks each on a scale of 0 to 100 using 16 indicators that measure both enablers and outcomes. The findings reveal a diverse landscape, with some regions advancing quickly in EV adoption, infrastructure deployment, and innovation, while others remain in the early stages of transition.

The IEMI score is calculated from theme scores weighted at 50 per cent for transport electrification progress (TEP), 30 per cent for charging infrastructure readiness (CIR), and 20 per cent for EV research and innovation status (ERIS). Outcome indicators account for half of the overall score, with the remainder based on enabling factors such as policy support and governance initiatives.

Overall rankings

The 2024 index places Delhi, Maharashtra, and Chandigarh as the top three performers. These frontrunners demonstrate strong progress across the three themes, supported by policy frameworks, infrastructure investments, and innovation ecosystems.

Delhi scored highly in CIR, reflecting rapid public charging deployment and a favourable EV-to-charger ratio. Maharashtra’s position was bolstered by leadership in ERIS, indicating a strong manufacturing and research base. Chandigarh’s ranking reflects high TEP performance and supportive policy measures.

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Haryana ranked as performers, with scores between 50 and 64. These states have shown notable advances in specific areas but have room for improvement in others. Karnataka’s strength lies in balanced performance across themes, Tamil Nadu in TEP and ERIS, and Haryana in CIR.

The majority of states and UTs fall into the aspirant category, with scores below 50. These include Odisha, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Ladakh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Punjab, Goa, Gujarat, and several others. Common challenges in this group include limited charging infrastructure, lower EV adoption rates, and weaker innovation ecosystems.

Transport electrification progress

This theme measures EV adoption in private and commercial segments, governance initiatives, purchase incentives, transition incentives, operational support measures, and fuel price parity. It carries the highest weight in the index due to its direct link to consumer adoption and market readiness.

In 2024, Chandigarh, Delhi, and Maharashtra led the TEP rankings. Chandigarh achieved the highest score, reflecting strong EV adoption rates supported by active governance and incentives. Delhi followed closely, benefiting from targeted measures to promote electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers. Maharashtra’s high score reflects a combination of adoption growth and enabling policies.

Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Goa were among the performers in this category. Their scores indicate progress in adoption and policy measures, though still trailing the frontrunners.

Most other states and UTs are in the aspirant group, with low EV penetration in private and commercial fleets and fewer enabling policies. These include Punjab, Assam, Rajasthan, Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Tripura, Jharkhand, Gujarat, West Bengal, Ladakh, Kerala, Puducherry, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Manipur, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Himachal Pradesh, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and Nagaland.

Charging infrastructure readiness

CIR evaluates the EV-to-charger ratio, capital subsidies, infrastructure development initiatives, building bylaws, renewable energy integration, and power availability.

Haryana, Karnataka, Ladakh, and Himachal Pradesh ranked as frontrunners in this category. Haryana achieved the highest score, reflecting strong policy support for charging deployment. Karnataka followed with a high density of public chargers. Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh also performed strongly, supported by policy measures and renewable energy integration.

Delhi, Lakshadweep, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu ranked as performers in CIR. These states and UTs have expanded charging networks but still face gaps in accessibility, fast-charging coverage, and integration with renewable energy.

Aspirants in CIR include Odisha, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Punjab, Goa, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Chandigarh, Jharkhand, Telangana, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Tripura, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Bihar, and Assam. Many of these have fewer public chargers relative to their EV fleets and lack enabling measures such as streamlined approvals and supportive building bylaws.

EV research and innovation status

ERIS examines EV-related startups, R&D initiatives, and patent activity. It reflects the strength of the innovation ecosystem that underpins long-term competitiveness in e-mobility.

Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Haryana, and Telangana were the frontrunners in this category. Delhi topped the rankings with high scores in EV startups and patents, supported by policy-led R&D initiatives. Tamil Nadu’s performance reflects a strong manufacturing base and skilling programmes. Maharashtra and Karnataka also scored highly due to established automotive and technology sectors. Haryana and Telangana have growing innovation ecosystems with active startup activity.

Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh ranked as performers in ERIS. Both have emerging innovation networks but lag behind the frontrunners in patents and R&D scale.

Most other states and UTs are in the aspirant group, with low innovation scores. These include Odisha, Gujarat, Kerala, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Manipur, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Puducherry, Goa, Tripura, Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Mizoram, Uttarakhand, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Sikkim, and Nagaland.

Key findings

The report shows that while some states have advanced in multiple dimensions, progress is uneven. Frontrunners generally combine strong EV adoption, expanding charging infrastructure, and active innovation ecosystems. Mid-ranked states often excel in one theme but lag in others, limiting overall performance. Aspirants typically face challenges across all themes, indicating a need for broader interventions.

High TEP scores correlate with supportive governance measures, purchase incentives, and operational benefits for EV users. High CIR scores are linked to capital subsidies, single-window approval systems, and integration of charging with renewable energy sources. High ERIS scores are associated with the presence of EV startups, patent activity, and dedicated R&D facilities.

The index also illustrates the importance of state-level policy in driving EV adoption. As of 1 June 2025, 29 states and UTs have notified EV policies, with four more having draft policies under consideration. These policies vary in scope and ambition, influencing the pace and depth of e-mobility transition.

Access the full report here.